ENERJİ - GEÇMİŞ, BUGÜN & GELECEK

This course focuses on to provide students with the understanding of energy generating systems and their working principles. The topics of steam power plants, power generation, steam cycle (Rankine cycle, Kalina cycle, combined gas and steam cycles) including the Brayton cycle, economics of power cycles, fuels and combustion; including solid, liquid and gases fuels, steam generators, steam turbines, gas turbines and the circulating water systems will be discussed in greater depth and complexity than is done in undergraduate courses. Design of economizers and feed water heaters, condensing systems, fuel preparation methods, water treatment, environmental concerns, location of plants will also be discussed. Power transmission systems will be introduced as part of the course.

The source, characteristics and treatment techniques of wastewater generated from various industries. The caracterization of industrial wastewater, purpose of treatment and regulations. The detection of the wastewater amount. Waste minimization by changing the processes. Modeling the flow and variability of wastewater. Equalization and flow design. The design of unit processes including physical, chemical and biological processes. Liquid-solid separation by sedimentation, DAF, and filtration. The investigation of wastewater treatment plant process flow diagrams of selected industries.

This course is about air pollution effects, measurements, emission estimates, meteorology and modeling. Topics covered are air pollution meteorology; physical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere, equations of motion, hydrostatic equation, continuity equation, geostrophic approximation, atmospheric stability and inversions / air pollutant concentration models; fixed-box models, diffusion models.

The course aim is to provide the students with information on the application of biological processes in environmental technology. Environmental biotechnology covers the use of microorganisms in biotechnological processes such as sewage and industrial wastewater treatment, solid waste degradation, soil purification, bioremediation of sites contaminated with hazardous materials, enhancement of the quality of drinking water, biodegradation, bioconversion, biorecovery, biological detoxification.

This course will review major ecological concepts, identify the techniques used by ecologists, provide an overview of local and global environmental issues, and examine individual, group and governmental activities important for protecting natural ecosystems. The course has been designed to provide technical information, to direct the student toward pertinent literature, to identify problems and issues, to utilize research methodology for the study of natural ecosystems, and to consider appropriate solutions and analytical techniques. Discussion and understanding will be emphasized.

Introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems. Solar energy potential for PV, irradiance, solar radiation and spectrum of sun, geometric and atmospheric effects on sunlight. Solar cells, basic structure and characteristics: Single-crystalline, multi-crystalline, thin film silicon solar cells, emerging new technologies. Electrical characteristics of the solar cell, mathematical model and equivalent circuit, modeling of solar cells including the effects of temperature, irradiation and series/shunt resistances on the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. Solar cell arrays, PV modules, PV generators, shadow effects and bypass diodes, hot spot problem in a PV module and safe operating area. Terrestrial PV module modeling. Interfacing PV modules to loads, direct connection of loads to PV modules, connection of PV modules to a battery and load together. Energy storage alternatives for PV systems.

In this course the separation of proteins, nucleic acids, and oligonucleotides from biological matrices is covered from analytical to process scales. Also in this course, the separation of monoclonal antibodies, which have found numerous uses as therapeutic and diagnostic agents will be covered. Analytical techniques include an interesting montage of chromatographic methods, capillary electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and mass spectrometry. Among separation and purification methods, liquid-liquid distribution, displacement chromatography, expanded bed adsorption, membrane chromatography, and simulated moving bed chromatography will be covered at length. Regulatory and economic considerations will be addressed, as are plant and process equipment and engineering process control. Application of DNA chip arrays, proteomics as well as evolving methodologies for a large number of drugs that are under development for treatment of cancer, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease will be discussed.